WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A bipartisan group of U.S. senators on Wednesday unveiled an industry-backed climate change bill that could mean mandatory limits on U.S. carbon dioxide emissions starting in 2012.
Labor unions representing coal miners, auto workers, and the heads of seven big U.S. electric utilities endorsed the Low Carbon Economy Act of 2007, along with the AFL-CIO, the largest American labor federation.
U.S. emissions would be cut by 60 percent below current levels by 2050 -- with interim targets in 2020 and 2030 -- through a cap-and-trade system that would allow industry either to reduce emissions or buy credits to exceed their quotas.
To secure industry support, the bill's primary authors -- senators Jeff Bingaman, New Mexico Democrat, and Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania Republican -- set limits on the price of tradable emissions credits that industry would have to purchase if they overshoot their emission allowances.
That move incurred the ire of environmental groups, who said the "safety valve" provisions in the bill that sets an initial limit of $12 per ton on the price of emission credits will undermine greenhouse gas reductions.
"No wonder some of the big coal burners are excited," said Frank O'Donnell at Clean Air Watch, an environmental group. "They could hit the jackpot with this."
Dan Becker, global warming director at the Sierra Club, called the "safety valve" provision a "giant loophole" in the bill," which could create "a formula for inaction."
At a news conference, Bingaman and Specter were flanked by about a dozen union and utility officials -- including chief executives of American Electric Power, Duke Energy Corp., Edison International, Exelon Corp., PNM Resources, PPL Corp. and NRG Energy Inc.
Of all the myriad bills in Congress to address greenhouse gas emissions, "this one is real," said John Rowe, chief executive of Chicago-based Exelon, which operates a large fleet of nuclear reactors. "It sets aggressive goals, it builds real bridges to get to those goals."
Utility executives stressed that Bingaman's bill would allow them to operate coal-burning power plants -- which generate about half the nation's electricity -- while moving to reduce emissions over a few decades.
Bingaman said environmental groups are sure to "write press releases" criticizing his proposal but "what we're trying to do is put together legislation that is going to be passed."
Bingaman conceded that getting mandatory carbon caps through Congress this year will be a "heavy lift," but pointed to bipartisan efforts in the Senate Environment Committee to craft similar legislation.
Rep. Nancy Pelosi, speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, said she wants a debate on climate change legislation in the fall.
The United States is the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases blamed for global warming, melting glaciers and rising sea levels.
The White House has opposed mandatory action and called for voluntary cuts in emissions intensity of 18 percent by 2012, which does not necessarily mean overall emissions will drop.
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