The History of College Football Rating Systems
Alderson System (1994-Present): A mathematical rating system based strictly on a point value system reflecting competition as well as won-lost record. Developed by Bob Alderson of Muldrow, Oklahoma
AP: Associated Press (1936-current); the first major nationwide poll for ranking college football teams is voted on by sportswriters and broadcasters. It is probably the most well-known and widely circulated among all of history's polls.
Berryman (QPRS) (1990-Present): A mathematical rating system based on a quality point rating formula developed by Clyde P. Berryman of Washington, D.C. Predated NC from 1940-1989.
Billingsley Report (1960-Present): A mathematical model based on power rating system developed by Richard Billingsley of Nashville, TN. His work is published annually as the Billingsley report through his own company, the College Football Research Center. In 1996, he finished his three-year research project ranking the NCs from 1869-1995. Predated NCs from 1869-1959.
Boand (1930-1960): Boand System is known as the Azzi Ratem System developed by William Boand of Tucson, Ariz. He moved to Chicago in 1932. Appeared in many newspapers as well as Illustrated Football Annual (1932-42) and weekly in Football News (1942-44, 1951-60). Predated national champions from 1919-1929.
College Football Researchers Association (1982-92): Founded by Anthony Cusher of Reeder, ND and Robert Kirlin of Spokane, Washington. Announced its champion in it monthly bulletin and the NC was determinged by top-10 vote of membership on a point system. Predated NCs from 1919-1981, conducted on a poll by Harry Carson Frye.
Davis (1869-1933): A noted college football historian, Parke H. Davis, went back and named the championship teams from the 1869 through the 1932 season. He also named a national champion at the conclusion of the 1933 season. Interestingly, the years 1869-75 were identified by Davis as the Pioneer Period; the years 1876-33 were called the period of American Intercollegiate Football Association, and the years 1894-1933 were referred to as the Period of Rules Committees and Conferences.
Devold (1939-current): A mathematical rating system developed by Harry Devold from Minneapolis, a former football player at Cornell. He eventually settled in the Detroit area and worked in the real estate business. The ratings have appeared in The Football News since 1962. Predated national champions from 1939-44.
Dickinson System (1924-40): A mathematical point system devised by Frank Dickinson, a professor of economics at the University of Illinois. Dickinson divided teams into two categories, those that had a higher than .500 winning percentage and those below. Dickinson mentioned his method in class one day and the Daily Illini sports editor featured a story which came to the attention of Chicago clothing manufacturer Jack Rissman, who decided he would like to use Dickinson's ratings to select the top team in the Big Ten each year so that he could present a trophy to the winner.
Dunkel (1929-Present): A power index rating system devised by Dick Dunkel, Sr. (1929-71); from 1972 by Dick Dunkel Jr.
FACT (1968-Present): A computerized mathematical ranking system developed by David Rothman of Hawthorne, CA. FACT is the Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments, which began selecting a NC in 1968.
Football News (1958-current); weekly poll of its staff writers has named a national champion since 1958.
Football Writers Association of America (1954-current): The No. 1 team of the year is determined by a five-man panel representing the nation's football writers. The national championship team receives the Grantland Rice Award.
Helms: First Interstate Bank Athletic Foundation (1883-1982): Originally known by this name from 1936-69 and established by the founding sponsor, Paul J. Helms, a Los Angeles sportsman and philanthropist. After Helms' death in 1957, United Savings and Loan Association became its benefactor during 1970-72. A merger of United Savings and Citizen Savings was completed in 1973, and the Athletic Foundation became known as Citizen Savings Athletic Foundation. In 1982, First Interstate Bank assumed responsibility for its final rankings. In 1941, Bill Schroeder, managing editor of the Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively selected the national football champions for the period beginning in 1883 (the first year of a scoring system) through 1941. Thereafter, Schroeder, who died in 1988, then chose, with the assistance of the Hall board, the annual national champion after the bowl games.
Houlgate System (1927-58): A mathematical rating system developed by Dale Houlgate of Los Angeles, Calif. His ratings were syndicated in newspapers and published in Illustrated Football and Football Thesaurus (1946-58).
International News Service (1952-1957): A poll conducted for six years by members or the International News Service (INS) before a merger with United Press in 1958.
Litkenhous System (1934-1984): A "difference-by-score" method syndicated by Fred Litkenhous and his brother Edward.
Matthews Grid Ratings (1966-present) A mathematical rating system developed by college mathematics professor Herman Matthews of Middlesboro, Ky. Has appeared in newsapapers and The Football News.
National Championship Foundation (1869-present) Established by Mike Riter of Germantown, N.Y. Issues an annual report. Predated national champions from 1869-1979.
New York Times (1979-current): A mathematical rating system introduced by the newspaper.
National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame (1959-current) The National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame named its first national champion in 1959. Headquartered in Larchmont, N.Y., the present National Football Foundation was established in 1954 to promote amateur athletics in America. The national champion was awarded the MacArthur Bowl from 1959-90. In 1991 and 1992, the NFF/HOF joined United Press International to award the MacArthur Bowl, and in 1993 the NFF/HOF joined with USA Today to present the Sears MacArthur Bowl.
Ray Bryne System: A mathematical system developed by Ray Bryne. Information on this system is currently being gathered. This system is not currently listed in the Official NCAA College Football Records book, but it is included in a publication entitled "The Crimson and White Book," which was published in 1982 by the National Championship Foundation located in Germantown, NY.
Poling System (1924-84): A mathematical rating system for college football teams developed by Richard Poling from Mansfield, Ohio, a former football player at Ohio Wesleyan. Poling's football ratings were published annually in the Football Review Supplement and in various newspapers. Predated national champions from 1924-34.
Sagarin Ratings (1978-Present): A mathematical rating system developed by Jeff Sagarin of Bloomington, Indiana, a 1970 MIT mathematics graduate. Runs annually in USA Today. Predated NCs from 1938 and 1956-1977.
Sports Illustrated (1981-present): Voted on annually by a committee of writers representing various regions of the country for this nationally circulated magazine.
The Sporting News (1975-current): Chosen by editorial staff.
United Press International (1950-current): In 1950, the United Press news service began its full poll of football coaches (replaced as coaches' poll after 1990 season). When the United Press merged with the International News Service in 1958, it became known as United Press International. The weekly UPI rankings were featured in newspapers, radio and television nationwide. UPI and the National Football Foundation formed a coalition for 1991 and 1992 to name the MacArthur Bowl national champion.
USA Today/Cable News Network (1982-current): Introduced a weekly poll of sportswriters in 1982 and ranked the top 25 teams in the nation with a point system. The poll results are featured in USA Today, a national newspaper, and Cable News Network, a national cable television network. Took over as the coaches' poll in 1991. USA Today also formed a coalition with the National Football Foundation in 1993 to named the MacArthur Bowl national champion.
Washington, D.C. Touchdown Club: A voting system by the members of the club. Information on this system is currently being gathered. This system is not currently listed in the Official NCAA College Football Records book, but it is included in a publication entitled "The Crimson and White Book," which was published in 1982 by the National Championship Foundation located in Germantown, NY.
Williamson System (1932-63): System of syndicated power ratings chosen by Paul Williamson of New Orleans, a geologist and member of the Sugar Bowl committee.